Rules for Sharing a College Bathroom

Whether youre living in the residence halls or in an off-campus apartment, youll still have to deal with the inevitable: the college bathroom. If youre sharing a bathroom with one or more people, chances are theres going to be some funkiness before too long. So just what can you do to prevent a place no one wants to think about from turning into the issue everyone needs to talk about? Below is a list of topics that should be covered in a discussion with people you share a bathroom with. And while some suggested rules are included, its important to make sure everyones on board and adjust, add, or eliminate rules as necessary. Because with everything else you have going on in college, who wants to be dealing with the bathroom all the time? 4 Issues WhenSharing a College Bathroom Issue 1: Time. Just like all other areas of your college life, time management can be a problem when it comes to the bathroom. Sometimes, theres high demand for the bathroom; other times, no one uses it for hours. Figuring out how to allocate time in the bathroom can be one of the most important issues. After all, if everyone wants to take a shower at 9:00 in the morning, things are going to get ugly. Make sure to discuss what time people want to use the bathroom to shower at night or in the morning, how long each person wants or needs, if its okay to have other people in the bathroom while its being used by someone else, and how other people can know when someone else is officially done. Ideal Time Rules: Create a schedule during the busiest times for when each person can shower, etc.Realistic Time Rules: Have a general understanding — e.g., Marcos usually gets done by 8, Octavio usually gets done by 8:30 — of when people come in and out and plan accordingly. Issue 2: Cleaning. There is nothing grosser than a nasty bathroom. Well, maybe a ... no. Nothing grosser. And while its inevitable that a bathroom is going to get dirty, its not inevitable that it will get gross. Try to think about ​cleaning the bathroom in three different ways. First, the daily yuck: Do people need to rinse the sink out (from toothpaste, say, or from bits of hair from shaving) after they use it? Do people need to clean their hair out of the drain every time they shower? Second, think about the short-term yuck: If you live off campus and dont have cleaning services coming every week, how often does the bathroom need to get cleaned? Who is going to do it? What happens if they dont? Is cleaning it once per week not enough? Third, think about the longer-term yuck: Who washes things like bath mats and hand towels? What about cleaning the shower curtain? How often do all of these things need to be cleaned, and by whom? Ideal Cleaning Rules: Have a schedule of who cleans the bathroom, when, and what specifically needs to be done. Also, have general rules for things like cleaning up hair and rinsing out the sink. Have each person assigned to take a shift doing a quick 15-minute clean-up every other day.Realistic Cleaning Rules: Ask people to leave the bathroom like they found it and generally clean up after themselves. Have an agreement in place that when the bathroom reaches critical nastiness, someone puts on crazy music and everyone cleans it at once so that many hands make light work. Issue 3: Guests.  Most people dont mind guests all that much ... within reason, of course. But its no fun to go wandering into your own bathroom, half asleep, only to find a stranger — particularly one of a different gender — there unexpectedly. Having a conversation and agreement about guests is especially important to do in advance of any trouble. Talk with your roommate(s) about a guest policy of sorts. Clearly, if someone has a guest over, that guest is going to need to use the bathroom at some point, so get some rules in order. If a guest is in the bathroom, how should other people be notified? Is it okay for a guest not just to use the bathroom but to do other things, like use the shower? What if someone has a frequent guest; can they leave their things in the bathroom? What if the person who has the guest isnt in the apartment or room? Is the guest allowed to just stay and hang out (and, consequently, use the bathroom)? Ideal Guest Rules: Always notify roommates in advance when a guest is coming over. Talk about when theyre coming, how long theyll stay, and if/when they need to use the bathroom for things like the shower. Make sure everyones on the same page before the guest arrives.Realistic Guest Rules: Have a way to indicate that a guest is using the bathroom, whether its a casual hook-up guest or someones parent. Dont let guests just hang out (and have access to the bathroom) if their host isnt home. And no being alone with a romantic guest in the bathroom. Thats not just gross — its tacky in a shared environment. Issue 4: Sharing.  Darnit, you ran out of toothpaste again. Will your roommate even notice if you just take a little squirt this morning? What about a little shampoo? And conditioner? And moisturizer? And shaving cream? And maybe sharing a little mascara, too? Sharing here and there can be part of having a healthy relationship with the people you live with, but it can also lead to major problems. Be clear with your roommates about when and if its okay to share. Do you want to be asked in advance first? Are some things okay to share from time to time, only in an emergency, or never? Make sure to be clear, too; you may not even consider the idea that your roommate would share your deodorant one day, but they may not think twice before doing it. Make sure to talk, too, about general use items — like the hand soap, toilet paper, and bathroom cleaners — and how and when those should be replaced (as well as by whom). Ideal Sharing Rules: Its okay to borrow things like toothpaste and shampoo in an emergency. Always ask in advance and never assume its okay unless someone says so. Create a small bathroom budget for replacing things like toilet paper and hand soap so that when things run out, they can quickly and easily be replaced.Realistic Sharing Rules: Its okay to use my toothpaste or shampoo if you really need some, but replace your own as soon as possible. And its only okay if your sharing doesnt leave my own supply empty. Keep replacements of things like toilet paper and hand soap around so that they are always available; when the replacement is used, buy another one when everyone next goes shopping for household items.

Youth and the First Amendment Essay example - 1162 Words

Youth and the First Amendment Many freedom of speech and expression issues that receive media attention have to do with the adult population and what they feel their rights are. What many fail to recognize is the fact that the youth today are also dealing with freedom of speech and expression issues in their own lives. The freedom of speech and expression issues that young people deal with are just as important and are handled in the same manner as any other freedom of speech issue. Three articles from The Associated Press deal with freedom of speech and expression of middle and high school aged young people. These articles shed light on what types of First Amendment issues the youth today are dealing with. In one article†¦show more content†¦If the material handed out was not related to school activities or it’s curriculum then the students broke clearly stated school rules. Based on my knowledge of first amendment law I believe the courts will rule in favor of the school. The reason I belie ve this is because you cannot just allow students to hand out whatever they wish because of the First Amendment. While what they handed out in this instance was mostly harmless, and it was not reported that other students had a problem with it, other things may not receive the same reaction. If students are allowed to hand out whatever they wish, some students could take to far, to a harmful level. This ruling also needs to set a good example since many times judges look at previous cases in order to rule on their current case. While the first article did not deal with an issue that could be potentially harmful, or risk the safety of the students, the next two articles deal with free speech and school safety. The first article discusses whether or not students should be allowed to wear clothing, or accessories with confederate symbols. These middle school students do not think that it should be a problem to wear this type of clothing. 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Part A Although public safety is both a legitimate and justifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it didRead MoreShould Violent Video Games Be Ban? Essay617 Words   |  3 Pageshave occurred is much like putting the blame on food for the cause of obesity. Violent video games should not be ban because violent video games improve your skills, there is less violence, and banning violent video games is against the fourteenth amendment. Violent video games strengthens and coordinate visual skills. There have been studies shown that gamers are improving their skills. 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Video Marketing Campaign Site ( 1250 Word Equivalent )

Part 1: Marketing sites (50% of assignment 2 grade) Part 1 Option 1: Video marketing campaign site (1250 word equivalent) URL = Talking Head Hello, are you looking for the latest games, HD videos, music, and memorabilia? That is always a daunting task to do by yourself when we are here and ready to serve you. We are a U.K based company that specializes in selling video games, both latest and all-time favourites that will always leave you wanting for more. Additionally, we have a range of memorabilia that you can order anytime and we will deliver in no time because we know what each means to you. We pride ourselves in provision of quality and timely services to our clients. Our two years’ experience in this business has enabled us to†¦show more content†¦We also have a quick dispute solution panel that is always on stand by to ensure you get what you ordered and any issue resulting from the transaction is finalized in good time, because your satisfaction is our success. You can reach us through the contact us button to enable us serve you better. Thank you for watching and we look forward to hear from you soon. The next time you order any of our products, please use this coupon code VH6TR as a special gift from our company for watching the video. Thank you. Script Video Audio Company logo set in motion clearly showing the business name {Soft and deep voice}greeting the audience â€Å"Hello, welcoming them by pre-empting their possible needs† 0.24 A display of company list of services such as latest game covers, video, music, memorabilia and caters all set in a quick succession that allow the audience to get all the relevant information {Classic music playing on the background} An accompanying voice description on the background of the content shown. Audible enough but not too loud to overshadow the music. 0.30 Images detailing why us set in motion, showing a preview of some of our distinctive products {the music continues } 0.16 Images of a team of employees on their computers illustrating a commitment to serve customers on time {Cue

Gothic cathedrals (1771 words) Essay Example For Students

Gothic cathedrals (1771 words) Essay Gothic cathedralsBetween the years 117 and 1144, a new cathedral style arose that proved important to the Medieval World Gothic. The creator of this new style, Abbot Suger, achieved both spiritual and political goals through his work. The unique style of the Gothic cathedral grew popular and spread throughout Medieval Europe. However, most importantly, the Gothic cathedrals made concrete the religious philosophy that the spiritual ruled a material world. Abbot Suger became the originator of the Gothic design for cathedrals. Suger lived as one of the leading figures in France in the 1th century. When he was about eight or nine, he befriended Louis VI in their upbringing at the abbey of St.-Denis. He worked in service for Louis VI as a confidant, advisor, and diplomat. When Louis VI and his wife took part in the Second Crusade, he appointed Suger his regent. During his time as a regent, Suger made the strengthening of the monarchy his lifes work. He knew the importance of increasing the monarchys spiritual status, for the French kings temporal powers proved greatly restricted. He wanted to establish a Spiritual Center for France, whose political authority had eroded since the death of Charlemagne. In 11, he became abbot of St.-Denis, and he pursued his dream of restoring the abbeys former prestige by renovating the neglected fabric of the church in hopes to inspire worship and reinforce spirituality. Sugers life work revolved around th e twin goals of building up both the kingdom of France and the Catholic Church. The nobles, who at the time served as vassals, overwhelmed the kings; the kings only ruled the Ile-de-France, and even there, they found their authority challenged. Suger played a key role, as chief advisor to Louis VI, in the expansion of royal power. When the bishop began to design St.-Denis, the Dukes of Normandy, who were simultaneously the Kings of England, contested the King of Frances authority. The Counts of Champagne also dominated the king, for they held more lands and had more wealth than him. However, Suger, along with Louis VI consolidated the royal power, thus allowing him to reclaim monastic lands. St.-Denis proved important not only to Suger, but to France, also. Suger desired the abbey to become, a pilgrimage church to outshine the splendor of all the others, the focal point of religious as well as patriotic emotion. St-Denis stood as a symbol of royal power and the glory of both the mon archy and France. The abbey honored and existed as the shrine to the missionary, St. Denis, who first brought Christianity to France.# St.-Denis served as the site of the coronations of Charlemagne and his father Pepin, and served as the burial place of Charles Martel, Pepin, and Charles the Bald. St.-Denis showed importance, for kings sent their children there for education for many generations. Also the unique Gothic design, used first at St.-Denis, set the guide for a whole series of cathedrals, thus making Suger the creator of Gothic. Gothic cathedrals expressed a unique fusion of form and space. Gothic Cathedrals contained architectural elements that collectively defined the style including vaults, pointed arches, and flying buttresses. The Romanesque style of cathedrals that proceeded the Gothic, relied on the use of semicircular arches as structural elements and to create ceiling vaults. The design approach of the semicircular arches limited the height of the bay, for it requ ired the height to be equal to the width. This property thus required the building of heavy support columns and the cascading of a series of arches to span large areas. This tended to limit the height of the exterior walls and resulted in a building with a squat, heavy effect. Abbott Suger and his architects chose to use the pointed arch which enabled them to increase the height of the vaults to new and inspiring heights. These heights became possible by the property of the pointed arch, for it could spring to any height and span any distance along as the two sides of the arch balanced in size and pitch. The flexibility also made it possible to build vaults with even crowns with no loss of strength. More importantly the pointed arch made it possible to build cathedrals with oblong or rectangular shaped naives. Additionally the architects discovered they could build even higher walls than before, if supported externally by the use of a half pointed arch which became known as the flyi ng buttress. The resulting unique Gothic design joined these elements producing a rectangular nave with externally supported high thin walls topped with lofty pointed vaults. The effect accentuated the vertical over the horizontal, echoing the religious theme of the triumph of the spiritual over the material. The Gothic passion for light had a profound theological significance. Plato argued that light was also the means by which the intellect perceived truth. Light could pass through glass without breaking it, which became a symbol of Immaculate Conception. The use of light transported people to a strange region between earth and the purity of heaven. The originator of this philosophy, Dionysius the Areopagite, a disciple of Saint Pauls, believed in the unity of all things. For Dionysius, light stood as the highest expression of this unity, which he believed existed before creation and from which all things were made. In short he believed that God was Light and that Gods light refle cted in all things in accordance to their nature.The origins of the Abbot Sugers belief in this philosophy, stem from his schooling at St.- Denis which housed an important early Latin translation of the works of Dionysius. This reverence for light motivated the Abbott to bring an abundance of natural light into the cathedral through the placement of rows of windows high along the walls of the entire structure which became a hallmark of Gothic cathedral design. Abbot Sugar documented his association to Dionysian thought in his autobiographical account of the building of the cathedral at Saint Denis entitled On His Administration. In that treatise, he quoted a poem he wrote and had engraved over the doors of the cathedral which said in part, The noble work is bright, but, being nobly bright, the work should brighten the minds, allowing them to travel through the lights to the true light. A broader reading of Sugers writings suggested that Suger conceived the Gothic cathedral as a monu ment of applied theology. Following the completion of the cathedral of Saint Denis at the Ile-de- France in 1144, the gothic style of cathedral spread throughout Europe. Over the next two hundred and fifty years architects built impressive cathedrals in England, greater France, Germany, Italy and finally in Spain. As this vibrant style spread, it often adapted and refined to suit local tastes. The rapid spread of the new gothic design came from the success of the design as the expression of medieval religious sensibilities. The political skills of Abbott Sugar may have also contributed to the spread of this new style. For example, Suger arranged for five archbishops and fourteen European Bishops to attend the opening of the new Cathedral at Saint Denis. This widely attended ceremony succeeded in affirming the relationship between God and King and King and Church. .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .postImageUrl , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:hover , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:visited , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:active { border:0!important; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:active , .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5 .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7db72cbd5909cd9427794d7b09dfc2a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexander the Great Essay The Cathedral at Chartres, in France, represented the fullest expression of classic gothic design. The size and complexity of the design along with the profusion of window space marked Charters. Also Charters first used the subsequently classic three stage interior known as nave arcade, a series of arches in the central space of a church that extended from the west portal to the choir or chancel usually flanked by aisles; clerestory window levels, the topmost story of a nave wall, pierced by windows; and the triforium passage, an arched wall passage opening toward the nave, at the height of the sloping roof over the aisle vaulting and below the clerestory. The success of the Charters design lead some art historians to identify other cathedrals as part of the Charters linage Movement from this classic model in England resulted in cathedrals known for their length, not their height. Also, in England the basic French cruciform expanded so the eastern arm became complete cruciform struct ure itself. Additionally, in the English style of Gothic internal space often subdivided by such elements as screens, strainer arches, and organs creating an infinitely varied unique sequence of spatial sensations. In Germany, until 15 and the construction of the Cathedral of Strasburg, only elements of the Gothic style appeared. Scholars suggested that a trip to Paris made by Bishop Albrecht and the Archbishop of Magdeburg inspired Strasburg. Strasburg also marked the introduction of foliage motifs in the external decoration for the cathedral. Unlike England, the Italian peninsula did not show much interest in the 1th century structural and spatial efforts that led to the birth of Gothic architecture, perhaps because of their attachment to things Roman. However, Italy eventually built several impressive Gothic style cathedrals and evolved a unique Italian version of Gothic. The elaborate use of external decoration, including the introduction of painted faades and the external use of sanctuary, marked this style. The Italian love for exterior decoration reached its height at the Cathedral of Milan for its adornment contained , 45 statues. The holding of Spain by the Ottoman Turks prevented the spread of Gothic design into present day Spain in the 1th century. The reconquest of Spain from the Muslims from 11 to 14 led to the building of numerous Gothic cathedrals as in other regions leading to the development of a unique style Spanish Gothic. Width distinguished the Spanish cathedrals from the French cathedrals, known for their height, and the English cathedrals, known for their length. In the first quarter of the thirteenth century, elements typical of Gothic architecture played an increasingly important role to Spanish architecture as expressed in the Cathedrals at Ciudad Rodrigo and Zamora. Later in the province of Catalonia a clear Spanish version of Gothic began to emerge. This style focused on the single nave design in which the arcade soared to so great a height that there is only enough room for a clerestory oculus, a round window opening. Abbot Sugers development of the Gothic cathedral proved important to the medieval world. As the basic elements of Gothic architecture spread across Europe, each region evolved its own unique style of this design. This flexibility demonstrated the strength of the basic gothic design elements, but most importantly this design synthesized the architectural elements into a unique form that well matched the religious sentiments of that religious era.

You Asked Us In Class How Did We Learn How To Act In Class. I Swear I

You asked us in class how did we learn how to act in class. I swear I would have never been able to answer that question had somebody else not answered that. How interesting to find out at age 25 how I learned how to do everything. I often wondered how I learned to be nice. Then I think how it must of come from my mother and father. They are very nice people. Even more interesting is I think of a childhood friend of mine who I occasionally talk to. Her parents were evil people. They were always saying mean things and giving dirty looks. This childhood friend of mine has always been and is still an unpleasant person. After reading Banduras theory, it becomes very clear (attention -- the individual notices something in the environment, retention -- the individual remembers what was noticed, reproduction -- the individual produces an action that is a copy of what was noticed, motivation -- the environment delivers a consequence that changes the probability the behavior will be emitted again (reinforcement and punishment). I do not really understand the concept of self-efficacy. On one hand, it almost seems to be similar to self-esteem. However, it would seem very reasonable that I would not feel very confident about juggling because I have never learned how to juggle and every time Ive tried to juggle in the past I could not do it. So one would say that I had low self-efficacy. But is that bad? I think I would venture to say in some cases it might have to do with confidence. For example, the book makes an example of trying out for the lead role in a school play. Now, I know I am not a great actress but I may be more gutsy for something like that. I suppose low self-efficacy would not be that bad depending on the circumstance. Another example the book gave was about people who were not the best at mathematics not taking many math classes. Well, thats me! But I dont necessarily see that as being so bad. I know I have taken a lot of psychology classes where a mathematics major would not do that. So I guess Ive convinced myself that low self-efficacy is not that bad; it just effects behavior. It could be bad for some things like shyness or poor reading/writing skills. But as far as being a juggler or a math major, you can count me out! I have read a little bit of the book Emotional Intelligence. Boy was I relieved when that came out. Not only did I not feel alone anymore in the appreciation of myself but I was relieved to find out that my average IQ score wasnt the only important thing about me. I have always prided myself on my social behavior (or my behavior in public). I realize I may not be perfect but if you tell me my hair is sticking up in a specific place I am certainly not going to cry. I have also always been very street smart, which is another element of emotional intelligence. I may not be able to solve a trigonometry equation but I can get around the city of Chicago merely on the number system and a little help from North, South, West and East. Being 25-years-old this might seem appropriate. However, as I observe my peers, I start to feel very above-average! This, of course, not to be a put-down but simply to show how emotional intelligence plays such an important role in the United States. The last thing I would like to comment on is your illicit presentation of motor reproduction. I could easily watch you fold your paper and follow instructions that way but when it came to explaining it to other people I was lost. Because there were previous folds in the paper, I could not go back and explain to them how to use those lines. Because I am a visual learner, it was easier for me to follow. Had you just told us what to do, Im sure my paper would never see the light of a sailboat!

buy custom PERT versus CPM essay

buy custom PERT versus CPM essay Research as shown that the most common project estimation technique employed by project mangers include PERT and CPM. PERT is an acronym that stands for Program Evaluation and Review Technique. According to Scott (2006), this technique provides definitive estimates of how long it would take to complete tasks. It involves generation of three estimates to come up with a final estimate. The three estimates include; optimistic time, pessimistic time and most likely time. The most optimistic case (O), gives the best case estimate of time to complete a task and it indicates a situation when everything is working right. The most pessimistic case (P), gives the worst case estimate of time to complete a particular task and it indicates a situation of the worst occurrence. The last estimate is the most likely case (M) which gives the normal estimated time to complete a task. Basically, this is the time expected to complete a task given the normal problems and opportunities. The three estimates are combined to create a single number that best describes how long it would take to complete a given task and then a weighted average of the three estimates is created with the most likely estimate being four-times than either optimistic or pessimistic estimate. PERT estimation technique can be used in a number of situations. For instance, it can be used in estimating the feasibility of a given project in terms of cost and scheduled time for its completion. Kheter (2010) highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this method which can be used to determine the circumstances under which the method can be applied. One of the advantages of this method is that it has got added flexibility of fast tracking or slowing down the project as required. Therefore, where flexibility is of essence, PERT estimation method can be applicable. The other advantage is that it helps one to arrive at a realistic starting or ending date for project activities. This makes the method more appropriate in determining the most probable duration that a given projectwould take. This method also facilitates identification of a critical path thus reducing the overall project risk. Therefore, in situations where a project manager wants to identify and minimize risks, this method can be appropriate. However, due to its disadvantages, as pointed out by Kheter (2010), it may not be suitable to use where the number of tasks or activities and dependencies are many. This is because as these activities and dependencies increase, complexities emerge thus increasing the risk of project failure. In addition, its lack of objectivity in the criteria used for defining initial optimistic and pessimistic estimates limits one to rely on it in future as the same criteria may not be applicable at that time. Finally, in situations where one may want the actual estimate of time needed to complete a given task, this method may not be reliable as it may lead to under-estimation of actual project time in some instances. CPM is another commonly used estimation technique and its also an acronym that stands for Critical Path Method. It is a step-by-step technique used in project planning and defines critical and non-critical tasks with an aim of preventing time-frame problems and project failure (Linda and Brennan, 2006). According to the writers, this method is best suited to projects consisting of numerous activities that interact in a complex manner. Unlike PERT which uses three estimates, CPM uses a single point estimation of the completion time. In CPM, activities can be determined whereas in PERT, activity estimates are based on probability. As earlier stated, this method is best suited to projects that have got numerous activities that interact in a complex manner. This adds to many other advantages of this method as highlighted by Shari and Rosalind (2005). The method shows the activities that are critical to maintain the schedule and which are not. Therefore, in situations where one wants to determine the most important activities to focus on, this offers the best option. Also, using thhis method, a project manager can determine the actual date for completing each activity and also compare what should be happening with what is taking place and take the corrective measures. Therefore, in a situation where one would like to have good control and monitoring of the project, this method can be applicable. This method also provides a graphical view of the project in which dependencies are displayed to help in scheduling. This helps in the planning of the project thus making it reliable. In addition, activities and their outcome can be shown as a network. It evaluates the activities that can run parallel to each other. Therefore, this method can be applicable in situations where there are numerous and complex activities that are to be carried out together. However, in situations where scheduling of personnel or the allocation of resources is needed, this method is not suitable as it does not support it. In addition, where larger projects are involved, it is not advisable to use this method as it can be complicated in such projects. Also, in cases where the project manger involved does not have sufficient knowledge of the method, it is not advisable to use the method as it is not always clear and needs to be calculated carefully. Apart from PERT and CPM, there are other project management cost and scheduling techniques such as function point counting, weighted average (WAVE), bottom-up, top-down and extrapolation. However, though these techniques can also be applied to cost estimation and scheduling, they cannot override the benefits derived from using either PERT or CPM. As earlier indicated, they are the most common tools of estimation and are more reliable and accurate when it comes to estimation. In conclusion, though PERT and CPM are the most common methods of estimation, the other methods cannot be underestimated as they can also offer some benefits which PERT or CPM cannot offer. However, I one would prefer PERT because it recognizes uncertainty in project time estimation and cost. Buy custom PERT versus CPM essay

Facts and History of North Korea

Facts and History of North Korea The Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, commonly known as North Korea, is one of the most talked-about yet least understood nations on Earth. It is a reclusive country, cut off even from its nearest neighbors by ideological differences and the paranoia of its top leadership. It developed  nuclear weapons  in 2006. Severed from the southern half of the peninsula more than six decades ago, North Korea has evolved into a strange Stalinist state. The ruling Kim family exercises control through fear and personality cults. Can the two halves of Korea ever be put back together again? Only time will tell. Capital and Major Cities Capital: Pyongyang, population 3,255,000Hamhung, population 769,000Chongjin, population 668,000Nampo, population 367,000Wonsan, population 363,000 North Koreas Government North Korea, or the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, is a highly centralized communist country under the leadership of Kim Jong-Un. His official title is Chairman of the National Defense Commission. The President of the Supreme Peoples Assembly Presidium is Kim Yong Nam. The 687-seat Supreme Peoples Assembly is the legislative branch. All members belong to the Korean Workers Party. The judicial branch consists of a Central Court, as well as provincial, county, city and military courts. All citizens are free to vote for the Korean Workers Party at the age of 17. The Population of North Korea North Korea has an estimated 24 million citizens as of the 2011 census. About 63% of North Koreans live in urban centers. Nearly all of the population is ethnically Korean, with very small minorities of ethnic Chinese and Japanese. Language The official language of North Korea is Korean. Written Korean has its own alphabet, called Hangul. Over the past several decades, the government of North Korea has attempted to purge borrowed vocabulary from the lexicon. Meanwhile, South Koreans have adopted words such as PC for personal computer, handufone for mobile phone, etc. While the northern and southern dialects are still mutually intelligible, they are diverging from one another after 60 years of separation. Religion in North Korea As a communist nation, North Korea is officially non-religious. Prior to the partition of Korea, however, Koreans in the north were Buddhist, Shamanist, Cheondogyo, Christian, and Confucianist. To what extent these belief systems persist today is difficult to judge from outside the country. North Korean Geography North Korea occupies the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It shares a long north-western border with China, a short border with Russia, and a highly-fortified border with South Korea (the DMZ or demilitarized zone). The country covers an area of 120,538 km sq. North Korea is a mountainous land; about 80% of the country is made up of steep mountains and narrow valleys. The remainder is arable plains, but these are small in size and distributed across the country. The highest point is Baektusan, at 2,744 meters. The lowest point is sea level. The Climate of North Korea North Koreas climate is influenced both by the monsoon cycle and by continental air masses from Siberia. Thus, it was extremely cold with dry winters and hot, rainy summers. North Korea suffers from frequent droughts and massive summer flooding, as well as the occasional typhoon. Economy North Koreas GDP (PPP) for 2014 is estimated at $40 billion US. The GDP (official exchange rate) is $28 billion (2013 estimate). The per capita GDP is $1,800. Official exports include military products, minerals, clothing, wood products, vegetables, and metals. Suspected unofficial exports include missiles, narcotics, and trafficked persons. North Korea imports minerals, petroleum, machinery, food, chemicals, and plastics. History of North Korea When Japan lost World War II in 1945, it also lost Korea, annexed to the Japanese Empire in 1910. The U.N. divided administration of the peninsula between two of the victorious Allied powers. Above the 38th parallel, the USSR took control, while the US moved in to administer the southern half. The USSR fostered a pro-Soviet communist government based in Pyongyang, then withdrew in 1948. North Koreas military leader, Kim Il-sung, wanted to invade South Korea at that point and unite the country under a communist banner, but Joseph Stalin refused to support the idea. By 1950, the regional situation had changed. Chinas civil war had ended with a victory for Mao Zedongs Red Army, and Mao agreed to send military support to North Korea if it invaded the capitalist South. The Soviets gave Kim Il-sung a green light for invasion. The Korean War On June 25, 1950, North Korea launched a ferocious artillery barrage across the border into South Korea, followed hours later by some 230,000 troops. The North Koreans quickly took the southern capital at Seoul and began to push southwards. Two days after the war began, US President Truman ordered American armed forces to come to the aid of the South Korean military. The U.N. Security Council approved member-state assistance to the South over the objection of the Soviet representative; in the end, twelve more nations joined the US and South Korea in the U.N. coalition. Despite this aid to the South, the war went very well for the North at first. In fact, the communist forces captured nearly the entire peninsula within the first two months of fighting; by August, the defenders were hemmed in at the city of Busan, on the southeastern tip of South Korea. The North Korean army was not able to break through the Busan Perimeter, however, even after a solid month of battle. Slowly, the tide began to turn against the North. In September and October of 1950, South Korean and U.N. forces pushed the North Koreans all of the way back across the 38th Parallel, and north to the Chinese border. This was too much for Mao, who ordered his troops into battle on North Koreas side. After three years of bitter fighting, and some 4 million soldiers and civilians killed, the Korean War ended in a stalemate with the July 27, 1953, cease-fire agreement. The two sides have never signed a peace treaty; they remain separated by a 2.5-mile wide demilitarized zone (DMZ). The Post-War North After the war, North Koreas government focused on industrialization as it rebuilt the battle-torn country. As president, Kim Il-sung preached the idea of Juche, or self-reliance. North Korea would become strong by producing all of its own food, technology, and domestic needs, rather than importing goods from abroad. During the 1960s, North Korea was caught in the middle of the Sino-Soviet split. Although Kim Il-sung hoped to remain neutral and play the two larger powers off of one another, the Soviets concluded that he favored the Chinese. They cut off help to North Korea. During the 1970s, North Koreas economy began to fail. It has no oil reserves, and the spiking price of oil left it massively in debt. North Korea defaulted on its debt in 1980. Kim Il-sung died in 1994 and was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. Between 1996 and 1999, the country suffered from a famine that killed between 600,000 and 900,000 people. Today, North Korea relied on international food aid through 2009, even as it poured scarce resources into the military. The agricultural output has improved since 2009 but malnutrition and poor living conditions continue. North Korea evidently tested its first nuclear weapon on October 9, 2006. It continues to develop its nuclear arsenal and conducted tests in 2013 and 2016.   On December 17, 2011, Kim Jong-il died and was succeeded by his third son, Kim Jong-un.